NOAA research includes discoveries and ever new understanding of the oceans and atmosphere, and the application of this understanding to such issues as the causes and consequences of climate change, the physical dynamics of high-impact weather events, the dynamics of complex ecosystems and biodiversity, and the ability to model and predict the future states of these systems.

NASA releases an omnibus titled  Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES) every year.

The USGS serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life.

Opportunities for funding may be found under the following programs within The Catalog of Federal Assistance (CFDA) 

The US Fish and Wildlife Service works with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people.

The Bureau of Reclamation manages, develops, and protects water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public.

Opportunities for funding may be found under the following programs within The Catalog of Federal Assistance (CFDA) 

The Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation's natural resources and cultural heritage. It also provides scientific and other information about those resources.

The FHWA's mission is to Improve Mobility on the Nation's Highways. The primary focus is improving highway system performance—particularly its safety, reliability, effectiveness, and sustainability.

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides financial and technical assistance to local public transit systems, including buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, trolleys and ferries. FTA also oversees safety measures and helps develop next-generation technology research.

The Department of Transportation aims to serve the United States by ensuring a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation system that meets vital national interests and enhances the quality of life of the American people.

DARPA aims to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security.